构建基于ArcGIS的林业工程信息系统

从提高林业工程数据管理的效率、效果和效益出发,探讨构建基于ArcGIS的县级林业工程信息系统的方法和步骤,以期为建立多层级互联共享的林业工程信息系统储备基础数据和相关技术。     

基于数据包络分析的新疆农用地利用效益评价

本文应用数据包络分析(DEA)的理论与模型对新疆农用地利用效率进行了评价。根据DEA有效性值,从土地投入与产出两个方面分析了各地区的DEA有效性,呈现南疆最高、北疆次之、东疆最低的格局,以及非DEA的区域性差异;农业发展水平越高,DEA有效值越高,反之,DEA有效值越低,总体而言新疆农用地利用效益还有较大的增长空间。根据计算结果提出了提高农用地利用效率的建议。     

农业信息数据挖掘的粗糙集方法研究与实例

我国是个农业大国,农业数据量极大,手工处理工作量大且不准确.本文研究了将粗糙集理论运用于农业数据挖掘的计算机处理方法,提出了基于粗糙集理论的农业数据挖掘的基本算法和模型,并通过实例对其进行了验证.     

受渍指数构建及其在长江中下游小麦渍害风险评估中的应用

渍害是长江中下游地区影响小麦生长发育的一种主要农业气象灾害,针对目前渍害评估方法中考虑致灾因子不全面和没有考虑作物耐渍性生育期差异等问题,该研究提出了以整个生长季受渍指数表征小麦受渍程度特征的量化模型。该模型综合考虑了土壤低氧对根系影响和不同生育期内小麦耐渍性差异,并将2016-2022年SMAP（soil moisture active passive）土壤表层含水率产品数据代入模型中计算长江中下游地区各栅格点（10 km×10 km）受渍指数值,通过分析受渍指数与小麦产量的关系,确定受渍指数 5.3 为是否受渍的阈值,从而得到长江中下游地区受渍率空间分布,并依据受渍率进行分区风险评估。结果表明：湖北省、安徽省、江苏省小麦发生渍害地区主要集中在长江沿线,即各省南部,主要以中风险区为主;湖南省、江西省小麦发生渍害高风险区主要集中在各省的中部,2省其他区域都为中风险区。长江中下游地区全域无渍害区面积占20.0%,低风险区占14.8%,中风险区占30.1%,高风险区占35.7%。研究可为作物渍害精细化风险评估提供可靠的方法与手段。     

An on-site computer system for comprehensive agricultural air quality research

Scientific studies using direct agricultural air quality (AAQ) measurement have experienced revolutionary changes since such a study was first reported in the early 1950s. Comprehensive AAQ research with multi-institutional or international collaboration, long-term monitoring, and multi-pollutant measurement has been conducted with greater frequency. On-site computer system (OSCS), consisting of data acquisition hardware, a personal computer, and custom-developed AAQ research software has become an important tool in these studies. The role of the OSCS has been expanded from exclusively data acquisition to a combination of data acquisition, control, regular and advanced data processing, and communication. This paper studied the general and specific requirements of OSCS in AAQ research and introduced a system with new methodology and technology for high level quality assurance and quality control (QAQC).Data acquisition in AAQ studies is needed for five main categories of instruments and sensors: pollutant concentrations, air exchange, weather conditions, building status, and measurement system status. Regular data processing consists of converting electrical signals to engineering units, averaging data over a given period of time, and performing data correction. Advanced data processing includes calculating location-shared analyzers and sensors (LSAS) data and instrument calibration data and generating daily reports in real-time or upon user requests. The primary control needs in AAQ research centers around the LSAS using multi-point air sampling system. Controls for sampling tubing heating and equipment cooling are often required. Computer communications to monitor system status, deliver alarms and data, and provide remote diagnosis and controls help to reduce operation costs and increase research quality and data completeness.An OSCS that offered flexibility, high capacity, user-friendliness, and high level QAQC was developed for field and laboratory AAQ research. A total of 29 OSCSs have been built and used in various AAQ studies in 13 states in USA for handling a total of more than 3.0 billion data points. The system adapted a set of data processing algorithms as well as some novel features, including All-data Display and Dynamic Run-time Configuration (DDRC), Digital Output DDRC, real-time sampling system monitoring and protection, Global Channel, traceable configuration, and post-measurement data processing. The system also integrated two stand-alone instruments, an Innova multi-gas analyzer and a 7-port Environics gas diluter, which are popular in AAQ research. The strengths, weaknesses, and future development of the system are also discussed.     

基于互联网技术的丹东环境预报业务系统实现

丹东环境预报业务系统是实现气象与环保间数据共享交换、电子邮件和FTP方式文件传输的实用性业务系统。系统采取多窗体框架结构设计,以电子邮件为数据存储中心进行资料共享交换,有效利用互联网和气象内部通信网络的优势,实现了跨部门间数据共享要求,自动会话电子邮件和FTP文件传输技术,人工转换为程序化操作。从系统的设计思路、技术结构以及系统的主要功能和关键技术等方面介绍丹东环境预报业务系统的实现过程。     

基于中断控制的CVT电控系统数据采集系统

基于Infineorl SAK C164CI单片机,采用模块化方法,设计开发了CVT电控系统数据采集系统,包括中断控制的转速采集模块、10位精度A／D转换模块和串口通信模块,并对系统进行了台架和实车试验。试验结果证明,系统采集精度高、速度快、可靠性好、调整方便。     

机械设备故障诊断用便携式数据采集分析系统

设计了一套应用于机械设备故障诊断的便携式数据采集分析系统。系统整体采用主从结构:上位机软件基于Labview,主要实现路径、数据、通讯等的管理以及数据分析;下位机实现采集、分析。下位机的硬件层核心采用片上系统(SoC)芯片;操作系统层移植了自行研发的实时操作系统(RTOS):TDNC-OS,给出了任务划分;应用软件层引入了缓冲区操作机制;通讯层主要由UART模块组成。实例表明系统具有很好的实时性和可靠性。     

基于PIC单片机的轨检车数据采集系统的设计

随着轨道检测手段的不断提高,如何把轨道检测数据高效、快捷地下发到基层施工部门,尽可能快地消除事故隐患、更好地指导线路维修、保障行车安全,以满足日益发展的快速、准高速、高速铁路的要求变得日益重要。论文重点介绍了基于PIC单片机的轨检车数据采集系统的设计,该设计方案提高了轨检车的测量技术,保证了测量的准确性,对快速检查轨道病害,保证铁路运输安全和提高旅客列车的平稳舒适性均能发挥重要作用。     

农业专家系统中数据库系统应用的研究

数据库系统是农业专家系统的重要数据资源。文章介绍了数据库系统中数据析取的实现、数据库维护系统的实现及缓冲库的应用,阐述本人在农业专家系统中创建的几种数据库及改进成网络版数据库系统采用的方法。